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Cola, I'm sure you are right that earlier cultures such as the Carthaginians, Phoenicians and Romans set up and improved algricultural systems on the Iberian peninsula. I think the Morrish Caliphate probably did the most to improve and extend the irrigation systems prior to the major population expansion of the 1700's in the area.
"The Moors expanded and improved Roman irrigation systems to help develop a strong agricultural sector. They introduced many new crops including the orange, lemon, peach, apricot, fig and pomegranate as well as saffron, sugar cane, cotton, silk and rice which remain some of Spain's main products today."
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